The importance of monitoring and maintaining the site after construction is emphasised. Reasons for failure are documented and discussed. Although extreme flooding or drought can cause failure, most of the failures could have been limited by a better understanding of the site conditions in relation to willow requirements, by correct installation, by using good quality willow and by carrying out prompt repairs. Of these, 59 % were very successful, 30 % involved partial failure and 11 % failed completely. Information on performance has been collected from 27 % of the projects. In this review, we select eight critical factors to consider when applying the method, based upon previous research and practical experience, and we explore knowledge gained from nearly 140 UK willow spiling projects. If you are continuously being asked to upload documents, or are. Connecting your bank account to your GoFundMe account is an easy and safe way to transfer the money you have raised. Willow spiling has, alongside its geotechnical stabilisation function, numerous ecological and economical benefits for river restoration, habitat enhancement and community engagement. Our team will sometimes temporarily pause outgoing withdrawals to an organizer or beneficiarys. Long willow canes are woven around vertically driven willow poles and because structures are living, resistance to erosion increases over time. Ros ran scientific expeditions to Lake Naivasha in Kenya until 2001 and has since worked on wetland productivity in Tanzania, the impacts of introduced fish on submerged macrophytes and the conservation status of papyrus-dwelling birds.Īt least 47 km of riverbank in the UK has been protected by willow spiling during the last 20 years and willow spiling is now the most widely used willow-based method for erosion control in the UK. This follows previous work on Phragmites australis in the Norfolk Broads that showed that nitrogen to potassium ratios in lake water influence the success of swamp plants via changes in biomass partitioning between stems and roots. Boar is a senior lecturer in the School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, and works on the ecology of shallow East African lakes, focusing on nutrient and carbon cycling in papyrus swamps. Lenka is passionate about promoting willow spiling as an ecological alternative to hard engineering for streambank stabilisation. She looks at the geomorphological and hydrological aspects of riverbank erosion on a lowland clay stream in Suffolk, East Anglia. *Lenka Anstead is a research student in the School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia. 1University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conse
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